Select Gallery
The middle of the war. Nazi mass shootings and deportations of Jews continued. Warsaw Jews rebelled against the Nazis. Bystanders remained indifferent. Most of the free world remained silent. April 1943, a study in contrasts. On the day ...
Visit Gallery
The Jews, descendants of the biblical Abraham, passed down their religious traditions from generation to generation. What ideas guided these traditions? How were they expressed throughout the ages? A covenant with God, religious laws ...
VISIT GALLERY
Jews were persecuted long before the Holocaust. Oppressed since ancient times for their religious beliefs, antisemitic theories developed in the late 19th century that targeted them as a race. Christians accused Jews of crucifying and rejecting ...
VISIT GALLERY
Jewish responses to antisemitism varied throughout Europe. Some joined new political and national movements. Many emigrated, while others sought to acculturate into local non-Jewish society. Responding to increasing antisemitism and ...
Visit Gallery
Germany’s defeat in World War I triggered political extremism that led to the rise of the Nazi party and state, setting the stage for mass persecution and World War II. By 1933 Adolf Hitler ruled Germany. With Storm Troopers (SA) and ...
VISIT GALLERY
Many Jews in Nazi Germany tried to flee antisemitic oppression. Their success depended on family considerations, financial ability, and the willingness of other countries to admit Jewish refugees. Leaving Germany was a costly bureaucratic ...
VISIT GALLERY
As German military forces conquered most of Europe, Nazi racial policies targeted Jewish communities. Eventually, the Nazis began to annihilate European Jewry. In September 1939, Germany invaded and occupied the western and central ...
Visit Gallery
Historically, ghettos were areas designated to separate Jews from the general population. The first one was established in Venice, Italy, in 1516. Nazis created ghettos to concentrate and control Jews. Ghettos under the Nazis were enclosed, ...
VISIT GALLERY
On June 22, 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, followed by Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads) that organized mass shootings of Jews. The “Final Solution” had ...
VISIT GALLERY
In late 1941, the Nazis determined that the most efficient way to annihilate the Jews of Europe would be to gas them at death camps. The Nazis initiated Operation Reinhard in 1941 to systematically murder Jews in the “General Government” ...
Visit Gallery
Some Jews changed their identities to save their lives. Others hid, escaped, or resisted. A Jew’s fate often depended upon actions of non-Jews: rescuers, collaborators, and bystanders.Hiding assumed many forms: Some families, ...
VISIT GALLERY
The Nazis established approximately 70 types of concentration, transit, forced labor, and death camps. Despite deliberately dehumanizing conditions, starvation, and the overwhelming presence of death, prisoners struggled to ...
VISIT GALLERY
